The Chikungunya virus is a typical RNA virus belonging to the alphavirus genus of the family Togaviridae. The prevalence of this vector-borne infectious disease is mainly observed in tropical and subtropical countries. Due to globalization and increased tourism to the Chikungunya endemic regions, disease outbreaks are reported in Europe and America. Lack of efficient licensed vaccination and definitive chemotherapy for Chikungunya warrants public health authorities of every country at risk to enact strict mosquito control measures to prevent further disease outbreaks.
Clinical Presentation of Chikungunya:
Chikungunya is characterized by the sudden onset of high-grade fever accompanied by debilitating arthralgia and joint swelling. The patient also experiences severe headaches, myalgia, nausea, fatigue, and skin rashes resulting in severe disability but rarely causing death. Often the infected individuals become immune against future infections with the Chikungunya virus.
Clinical Diagnosis of Chikungunya:
Similar to the Clinical presentations of Dengue and Zika virus infection, Chikungunya often confuses physicians to distinguish between viral infections, which eventually leads to misdiagnosis of the illness. Therefore, differential diagnosis of Chikungunya comprises serological testing such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) that detect IgM and IgG anti-Chikungunya antibodies.
Besides, virological testing with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) yields virus confirmation with genotyping and allows clear comparisons of virus samples from various geographical sources.
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